Sthavara visha chikitsa mentioned in traditional texts of Keraliya visha chiktsa
- Visha Vaidya Jyotsnika:
External application and intake of the root, stem and leaf of tanduleeyaka(Amaranthus spinous) in tandulodaka. Intake and application of neelimoolam with saindhava. Medicated oil and ghee prepared from this is also effective. Shathadowthagritham prepared with saindhava,vyosha and haridra dwayam as kalkam and nalpamara as kashaya38.
- Prayoga Samuchayama:
jaladhar with sheetajala followed by virechana with a mixture of honey and ghee should be done immedietly.External application and intake of the paste of neelini and tanduleeyaka mixed with saindhava is effective39.
- Kriya Koumudi:
Treatment includes prathyoushada sevana(intake of antidotes)-intake and external application of neelimoola is considered as the common antidote for all sthavara visha . Intakeof haridra and ishwarimooli(aristolochia indica)is also effective
vamana and virechana-virechana can be done with equal quantity of ghee and honey,with two varieties of haridra,honey ghee and saindhava or with swarna choorna or tamra choorna mixed with sugar and honey.
After shodhana sitopachara is done with tender coconut water40
CONCEPT OF PRATHYOUSHADA
Prathyoushada is a concept sited in the traditional textbooks used in Keraliya vishachikitsa. The term Prathyoushada is no where mentioned in the samhitas.
Visha vaidyajyotsnika is one of the famous textbook of visha chikitsa in Kerala. In vishavaidya jyotsnika 13th chapter Sthavaravisha chikitsa, antidotes are mentioned under the subheading prathyoushadha41.
Table .7: PRATYOUSHADHAS MENTIONED IN VISHA VAIDYA JYOTSNIKA
| Sl.No | Plants | Prathyoushadasa |
| 1 | Bhanga | Bimbi |
| 2 | Madhya | Nimbu swarasa |
| 3 | Ahiphena | Mathaghni moolam |
| 4 | Langali | Neelimoola, maricha |
| 5 | Pashana | Sarshapa, neelimoola, mrnala |
| 6 | Parada | Kushmanda |
| 7 | Eranda,chitraka | Navneetha , satavari |
| 8 | Karaskara | Gunja pallava |
| 9 | Vatsnabhi | Neelimoolam,nirvisha |
| 10 | Bhallataka | Trivritt |
PRATHYOUSHADHA IN KRIYAKOUMUDI
In this renowned text book prathyoushadha for inanimate poisoning is mentioned under the chapters sapthavishapratisheda,asudha bhakshana chikitsa and prathyoushadha prayogas in sthavara visha prakarana42.
PRATHYOUSHADHA IN KRIYAKOUMUDI FOR VATSANABHA POISONING43
- Nirvisham
- Administration of gomutra and butter
- Maricha kashaya, rice wash water, triphala kashaya for internal administration
- Maricha choorna,ghee,milk is administer internally
- Kashaya of Tender coconut outer cover, chitraka juice
COMMON PRATHYOUSHADHAS FOR STHAVARA VISHA IN PRAYOGA SAMUCHAYA 44
- Haridra and iswarimooli(Aristolochia indica)
- Intake of haritaki choorna with sita for 3 days(for atibhakshanajanya vikaras)
- External application and intake of saidhava, neelimola, musta, tanduleeyaka with milk for all poisoning other than vatsanabhi
- External application and intake of the root of neeli
PRATHYOUSHADHA IN PRAYOGA SAMUCHAYA
In the 11thparicheda in the context of ashudhabhakshana chikitsa, mentioned very clearly that the poisonous material which are not purified when consuming should take specific prathyoushadha along with that45.
Table.8: SPECIFIC PRATHYOUSHADHA ON CONSUMPTION OF POISONOUS SUBSTANCES
| Visha | Prathyoushadha |
| Vatsanabha | Triphala kashaya ,neelimoola kashaya |
| Arkaksheera | Tila kashaya with guda |
| Chitraka | Navaguda along with tila |
| Datura | Decoction of stalk of lotus |
| Jayapala | Dhanyaka powder with sugar in buttermilk |
| Parada | Kushmandaswarasa,jambiraswarasa with sugar |
| Gandhaka | Chandana with takra and amalaki with ushira |